Math Symbols to Copy and Paste

What is in the math set

• Operators: + − × ÷ ± ∓ ∘ ⋅. Use × for multiplication rather than the letter x, and − rather than the hyphen, so expressions look typeset.
• Comparisons: = ≠ ≈ ≡ ≅ ≃ < > ≤ ≥ ≪ ≫ ∝.
• Roots, sums and calculus: √ ∑ ∏ ∫ ∬ ∮ ∂ ∇ ∆, and ∞ for infinity.
• Sets and logic: ∈ ∉ ∋ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ∪ ∩ ∅, and ∧ ∨ ¬ ∀ ∃ ∴ ∵.
• Geometry and units: ∠ ⊥ ∥ ∟ ° ′ ″, and % ‰ ‱ for percent, per mille and per ten thousand.
• Number sets and constants: ℕ ℤ ℚ ℝ ℂ, π and ℵ.

Look-alikes worth knowing

Several math symbols have a twin elsewhere in Unicode that looks almost the same. The table below gives the name of each one here so you can check: ∆ is Increment (the operator) while Δ in the Greek group is the capital letter delta; µ here is Micro Sign while μ in Greek is the letter mu; ∑ is N-Ary Summation, not the Greek Σ. They are different characters, so a search or a find-and-replace for one won’t match the other: for math, pick the operator.

Plain-text math that reads well

A few habits make typed math easier to follow in chat, email or a forum. Use ′ and ″ (Prime and Double Prime) for feet and inches or minutes and seconds, not the apostrophe and quote marks. Write powers with the superscript digits from their own group, as in 10³ or e⁻¹, and indices with subscripts, as in x₁. Leave a space around = and the comparison signs, but not around × in something like 3×4. And ∴ (Therefore) and ∵ (Because) save a line in step-by-step working.

Math: the 71 symbols and their codes

Names and code points from the Unicode Character Database, HTML codes from the HTML standard, and the Unicode version that first included each character. Where a symbol has a different, shorter name in Unicode’s emoji list, that name follows in brackets.